Buddhism in Euthanasia free essay sample

Buddhists are not unanimous in their view of euthanasia, and the teachings of the Buddha dont explicitly deal with it. Most Buddhists (like almost everyone else) are against involuntary euthanasia. Their position on voluntary euthanasia is less clear. States of mind The most common position is that voluntary euthanasia is wrong, because it demonstrates that ones mind is in a bad state and that one has allowed physical suffering to cause mental suffering. Meditation and the proper use of pain killing drugs should enable a person to attain a state where they are not in mental pain, and so no longer contemplate euthanasia or suicide. Buddhists might also argue that helping to end someones life is likely to put the helper into a bad mental state, and this too should be avoided. Avoiding harm Buddhism places great stress on non-harm, and on avoiding the ending of life. The reference is to life any life so the intentional ending of life seems against Buddhist teaching and voluntary euthanasia should be forbidden. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism in Euthanasia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Certain codes of Buddhist monastic law explicitly forbid it. Lay-people do not have a code of Buddhist law, so the strongest that can be said of a lay person who takes part in euthanasia is that they have made an error of judgement. Karma Buddhists regard death as a transition. The deceased person will be reborn to a new life, whose quality will be the result of their karma. This produces two problems. We dont know what the next life is going to be like. If the next life is going to be even worse than the life that the sick person is presently enduring it would clearly be wrong on a utilitarian basis to permit euthanasia, as that shortens the present bad state of affairs in favour of an even worse one. The second problem is that shortening life interferes with the working out of karma, and alters the karmic balance resulting from the shortened life. Euthanasia as suicide Another difficulty comes if we look at voluntary euthanasia as a form of suicide. The Buddha himself showed tolerance of suicide by monks in two cases. The Japanese Buddhist tradition includes many stories of suicide by monks, and suicide was used as a political weapon by Buddhist monks during the Vietnam War. But these were monks, and that makes a difference. In Buddhism, the way life ends has a profound impact on the way the new life will begin. So a persons state of mind at the time of death is important their thoughts should be selfless and enlightened, free of anger, hate or fear. This suggests that suicide (and so euthanasia) is only approved for people who have achieved enlightenment and that the rest of us should avoid it. Reference: http://www. bbc. co. uk/religion/religions/buddhism/buddhistethics/euthanasiasuicide.

A Tale of Two Cities-Forshadowing essays

A Tale of Two Cities-Forshadowing essays Foreshadowing is used in many of Charles Dickens' novels. It can bring about a sense of wonder and imagination of what might occur later in the novel. The concept of foreshadowing means to present a warning sign, or hint beforehand. Dickens is able to use this concept in three examples: Gaspard's illustration of "blood", the people rebelling against the aristocrats and the threatening footsteps in the Manette, are all examples of foreshadowing, that Dickens' uses in his novel A Tale of Two Cities. The French Revolution is the main event described by the use of foreshadowing. Dickens uses the phrase "one tall joker so besmirched...scrawls upon a wall with his finger dipped in muddy-lees BLOOD," to forecast the spilt wine as future blood shed during the French Revolution (37-38). Dickens also subtly states, "the one woman, Madame Defarge, who stands conspicuous, knitting, still knits on with the steadfastness of Fate," and he is foreshadowing the French Revolution by comparing Madame Defarge to Fate (117). Both Madame Defarge and Fate mark people who are destined to die which leads further into the French Revolution. Lastly, Dickens presents the statement, "they their very selves are closing in around a structure yet unbuilt, where they are to sit knitting, knitting, counting dropping heads," to show that in the future, Madame Defarge and her women knit while counting the heads being severed by La Guillotine (187). Another instance of foreshadowing is the revenge of the poor people against the aristocrats. When Dickens writes, "there is a flutter in the air that fans Saint Antoine and his devouring hunger far away," he is referring to the poor people in Saint Antoine such as the Defarges and their death craving towards the aristocrats (113). The poor that crave the aristocrats deaths have such a strong aura that they are a part of a living Saint Antoine, and for a moment, their death cravi ...